Disability, Caregiving & Wellness Glossary (A–Z)

A

Ableism

Discrimination or social attitudes that devalue or exclude people with disabilities. Ableism can appear in language, policies, environments, or assumptions about what people can or cannot do.

Accessibility

The practice of designing environments, tools, and systems so people of all abilities can use them safely, independently, and with dignity.

Assistive Technology

Devices, tools, or software designed to help people with disabilities perform tasks, increase independence, or improve quality of life. Examples include mobility aids, communication devices, adaptive utensils, and smart home tools.

C

Caregiver

A person who provides physical, emotional, or practical support to someone who needs assistance due to disability, illness, aging, or cognitive changes. Caregivers may be family members, friends, or professionals.

Caregiver Burnout

A state of physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion caused by prolonged caregiving stress. It may include fatigue, irritability, anxiety, or feeling overwhelmed.

Cognitive Decline

A gradual change in memory, thinking, or problem-solving abilities. It can range from mild impairment to more advanced conditions such as dementia.

D

Dementia

A general term used to describe conditions that affect memory, thinking, communication, and daily functioning. Dementia is a medical condition and not a normal part of aging.

Dignity

Respect for a person’s worth, autonomy, and identity. In caregiving and disability contexts, dignity means honoring choices, preferences, and individuality.

I

Independent Living

A philosophy that emphasizes choice, autonomy, and self-direction. Independent living does not mean doing everything alone; it means having control over how support is used.

M

Mindfulness

The practice of being present and aware in the moment without judgment. Mindfulness can help caregivers and individuals reduce stress and regulate emotions.

N

Neurodegenerative Disease

A condition in which nerve cells gradually lose function over time, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease.

O

Occupational Therapy

A form of therapy that helps people perform daily activities safely and independently through adaptive strategies, tools, or skill development.

R

Respite Care

Temporary care provided to give caregivers a break. Respite care may be offered at home, in community programs, or in care facilities.

S

Self-Care

Intentional actions taken to protect physical, emotional, and mental well-being. For caregivers, self-care is essential to sustainable caregiving.

Spirituality

A personal sense of meaning, connection, or purpose. Spirituality may involve faith, reflection, prayer, gratitude, or personal values.

Support Tools

Products, technologies, or services designed to reduce physical or mental effort and support safety, independence, or quality of life.

W

Well-Being

A state of balance that includes physical health, emotional stability, mental clarity, and a sense of purpose.